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Hybrid Cars How They Operate
There are two main types of hybrid cars: series hybrid
cars and parallel hybrid cars.
Parallel hybrid cars work by using a combination of a
traditional gas engine and a high output electric motor.
The different elements of the engine start working at
higher or lower levels of output are required. If the
car is being driven carefully and accelerating at a
reasonable level the electric motor will work on its own
until a greater output is needed at a higher speed. Then
the small high performances, in terms of fuel economy
that is, gas engine takes over. This is a seamless
almost unnoticeable process with a smooth transition of
control from electric to gas power. Hot Car Forum
As the acceleration is powered by the electric motor the
gas engine can be much smaller and more economical.
There is no need for a great deal of energy, merely
enough to keep the car at a steady speed, or to move the
car from a mid range, around 40 mph to a higher speed.
This requires a lot less energy than the initial
movement from a standstill and consequently can be
achieved with a lower level of power.
The parallel system of using both the gas engine and
electric motor for hybrid cars means that there is less
loss of power as when the car is traveling at higher
speeds. As the energy is not required to go through the
batteries and electric motor before providing power to
the car. When traveling in this mode there is no need
for the electric motor to operate and this also allows
it to be recharged by the gas engine as the vehicle is
traveling along. All ready for when the hybrid car slows
and switches back to the electric motor.
Series Hybrid Cars: a series design works by powering
the vehicle through an electric motor. The batteries
supply the power to the motor. As the power arrives at
the motor through the battery, series hybrid cars need a
substantially larger reserve of power and
consequentially a greater amount of batteries need to be
carried in the car.
The motor only uses the exact amount of power required
for the task in hand. If you spend hours in a traffic
jam, you may get a little hot under the collar but your
car will not be overheating. An electric motor does not
need to tick over or idle when sitting in a jam; it will
simply start turning when you start moving. When driving
hybrid cars there will be no power (although maybe a
little hair) lost even in the most extreme of gridlocks.
As the motor will not be working when the vehicle is
still, there is no need for the batteries to be
recharged until power is again being lost when the car
starts to move forward.
The large battery supply that is required for series
hybrid cars is kept supplied with energy by a generator
that runs from the main gas power unit. This only needs
to operate when the batteries are in need of extra power
so for much of urban driving there is no need for the
motor to operate as only low levels of power are
required. This allows the hybrid cars engine to run
without emissions for city driving, especially if some
higher powered driving, as for highways or main routes
is done, and the consequent loss of power means that the
hybrid cars batteries are brought upon to their full
power supply by the gas motor when out of the urban
environment.
There are advantages to both systems, but overall the
parallel system is the most flexible for hybrid cars as
it allows for the option of either power source to be
transferred directly to drive the car without going
through another separate means of transmission to the
wheels.By: Davids Smith
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